Biology of Androgens and Estrogens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Biology of Androgens and Estrogens - Essay Example In the males androgens produced by the testes and adrenal cortex contribute to the male sex hormones circulating in the blood. Adrenal androgens normally have little physiological effect other than a role in development before the start of puberty in both girls and boys. This is because the male sex hormone activity of the adrenal androgens is weak. Androgens regulate male secondary sexual characteristics and can cause virilizing symptoms in women. Normally androgens are secreted mainly from the male testes, but moderate amount is also secreted from the adrenal gland. Normally adrenal androgens have a minimal effect in males whose sexual characteristics are predominately determined by gonadal steroids such as testosterone. On the contrary, in disease states in females, several androgen-like effects, such as, sexual hair, are largely mediated by adrenal androgens. The principal adrenal androgens are DHEA, androstenedione, and 11-hydroxyandrostenedione. DHEA and androstenedione are wea k androgens and exert their effects via conversion to the potent androgen testosterone in extraglandular tissues. DHEA also has poorly understood effects on the immune and cardiovascular systems. Adrenal androgen formation is regulated by ACTH, not by gonadotropins, thus are suppressed by exogenous glucocorticoid administration. The male reproductive system regulates sexual differentiation, virilization, and the hormonal changes that accompany puberty, ultimately leading to spermatogenesis and fertility. Under the control of the pituitary hormones, namely, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), the Leydig cells of the testes produce testosterone and germ cells are nurtured by Sertoli cells to divide, differentiate, and mature into sperm (Holdcraft, RW. and Braun, RE., 2004).. Estrogens Steroidal estrogens arise from androstenedione or testosterone by aromatization of the A ring. The reaction is catalyzed by a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase enzyme complex. The ovaries are the principal source of circulating estrogen in premenopausal women, with estradiol being the main secretory product. Gonadotropins, acting via receptors that couple to the Gs-adenylyl cyclase-cyclic AMP pathway, increase the activities of aromatase. The follicular theca cells, under control of LH, produce androgens that diffuse to the follicular granulosa cells, where they are converted to estrogens via an FSH-supported aromatization reaction. Estrogens are endogenous hormones that produce numerous physiological actions. In women, these include developmental effects, neuroendocrine actions involved in the control of ovulation, the cyclical preparation of the reproductive tract for fertilization and implantation, and major actions on mineral, carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. Estrogens also have important actions in males, including effects on bone, spermatogenesis, and behavior. In postmenopausal women, the principal source of circulating estrogen is adipose tissue stroma, where estrone is synthesized from dehydroepiandrosterone secreted by the adrenals. In men, estrogens are produced by the testes, but extragonadal production by aromatization of circulating C19 steroids accounts for most circulating estrogens. Thus, the level of estrogens is regulated in part by the availability of androgenic precursors. Estrogenic effects most often have

Power and Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Power and Organization - Essay Example â€Å"A has power over B to the extent that he can get B to do something that B would not otherwise do† (Dahl 1961 p. 202-203). Dahl chose to analyze decision-making on key issues only, and, furthermore, did not state objective criteria for the selection of such â€Å"key issues† (Dahl 1961). He held that he was able to identify subjective interests in the form of dominant policy preferences made visible by patterns of political participation in concrete key issue decision-making. Peter Bachrach & Morton S. Baratz (1962; 1963; 1970) fervently criticized this one-dimensional approach, asking whether a sound concept of power could be predicated on the assumption that it was totally embodied and fully reflected in â€Å"concrete decisions†.  Power is a term, which is defined in different ways by different theorist because power can be used as a means of influence in different ways. Way back, Max Weber has defined power as â€Å"Power is the probability that one a ctor within the relationship will be in the position to carry out his own will despite resistance (Weber, 1947, P.152). Nord has defined power in the context of mobilization of energy and resources to achieve one set of goals as against other sets of Goals. He defines power as follows. â€Å" Power is the ability to influence flows of the available resources towards certain goals as opposed to other goals. Power is assumed to be exercised only when these goals are at least partially in conflict with each other (Nord, 1978, P.675). Robbins has defined power in the more elaborate way when he says† Power refers to a capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B so that B does something he or she would not otherwise do. This definition implies 1) A potential that need not be actualized to be effective 2) A dependence relationship, and 3) That B has some discretion over his or her behavior†.

Kpop and Hong Kong Teenagers

Kpop and Hong Kong Teenagers Introduction I want nobody, nobody but you. I want nobody, nobody but you No matter you are a Korean mania or not, you must have heard this song somewhere before, as its great popularity among Hong Kong teenagers. Korean pop music (K-pop), which attracted much debate in the past several years, is considered as a part of Korean wave. One issue that the success of K-pop is merely due to the Korean drama effect (à ¥Ã‚ °Ã‚ Ãƒ ©Ã… ¸Ã¢â‚¬Å"à ¥Ã…“†¹Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ‚ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¡Ã…’à ©Ã… ¸Ã‚ ³Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¨Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ ¦-†¡Ãƒ ¥Ã…’-à §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ §Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ Ãƒ §Ã‚ ©Ã‚ ¶, 2009). Research done in Korea has indicated that the success was bolstered by anti-Japanese sentiment, government subsidizes and outstanding dancing ability (Cho, H. J., 2005). Other points to the great diversity of music genres (à ¦Ã… ¾-à ¦Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ £Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ «Ã‚ ­, à ©Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ³Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ·Ã‚ §Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ©, à ¨Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã‹Å"†°, 2010). The debate, however, has missed an important focus: Hong Kong teenagers di ssatisfaction with the Hong Kong music industry. While people keep admiring the others advantages without introspection what self lacks, it may likely lead to providing a chance for others to step in. The paper aims to argue that K-pop captivated Hong Kong teenagers as a result of dissatisfaction with the current Hong Kong music industry due to several inadequacies of the current Hong Kong music industry: lack of diversity of song genres, creativity and music TV programs. The paper is divided into five sections. Following the introduction, in Section 2, some background information of K-pop and its progress will be introduced. Section 3 then focuses on the reasons of popularity of K-pop among Hong Kong teenagers. Section 4 tries to discuss how Hong Kong can emulate this successful invasion. The paper concludes with a reminder for Hong Kong people not to repel the strengths of K-pop, but to absorb them into our own Hong Kong style. Section 2 Background Korean pop music became fashionable throughout East Asia and Southeast Asia in a phenomenon commonly dubbed Korea[n] Wave (Pease, 2006). K-pop is considered as a segment of Korean wave. Besides K-pop, there are TV dramas, movies, fashion and etc. In the past several years, there are continuously many discourse on this since its abrupt and comprehensive descent upon the other Asian countries with a systematic and tactical plan (à ¦Ã‚ ¢Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦- ­Ãƒ ¦Ã‹Å"Ã… ½, 2003). K-pop in fact could not the most representative item that spread Korean wave abroad, but TV dramas. If we trace the history back to the first Korean product that appeared in Hong Kong, that is the drama named Star in my heart in 1997. The drama obtained instantaneous popularity among Hong Kong people (Hyun, O. S., 2004; Cai, J., 2008). With the increasing popularity of Korean dramas, many people started curious about Korea and hence expanded the Korean wave to K-pop. The formation of popular music industry is quite different. In Korea, popular music industry tends to produce music groups rather than solo singers. However, in Hong Kong, popular music industry tends to produce solo singers. Thus it is fairly easy for K-pop to step in if Hong Kong teenagers seek substitutes. Section 3 In Hong Kong, with an increasing number of K-pop is imported and broadcast through two main broadcasting companies, the awareness of K-pop among Hong Kong people is booming. Ringtones in Korean songs, following the news of K-pop singers and watching K-pop TV programs could be considered as the typical characteristics of K-pop mania, Hahanzu in Mandarin. The proportion of K-pop mania in Hong Kong keeps rising rapidly. In the following, the reasons why K-pop is able to penetrate into Hong Kong will be introduced: (1) Great diversity of song genres; (2) Outstanding dancing ability; (3) Korean government subsidizes; (4) Anti-Japanese sentiment; (5) Drama effect original soundtracks; (6) Dissatisfaction with the stagnant Hong Kong music industry. Great diversity of song genres In K-pop, many different sorts of music style can be easily discovered, from ballad to techno, classic to rock, and even the traditional Korean music has also intermixed in the current K-pop. As the traditional Korean music contains diversified music elements and special cultural features, it gave a consolidated ground for the development of the K-pop. Moreover, after the Korean War, as South Korea became more liberal to the culture from foreign countries and frequently interacts with United States, a constant flow of western culture and instruments have been penetrated into South Korea. As a result, with the integration of Western and Korean music, diversified song genres were developed and eventually turned into the Koreans unique style of music (Sung, 2008). For that reason, it is easy for current K-pop to be accepted and liked by anyone in the world (à ¥Ã‚ °Ã‚ Ãƒ ©Ã… ¸Ã¢â‚¬Å"à ¥Ã…“†¹Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ‚ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¡Ã…’à ©Ã… ¸Ã‚ ³Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¨Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ ¦-†¡Ãƒ ¥Ã…’-à §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å ¾Ãƒ §Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ Ãƒ §Ã‚ ©Ã‚ ¶, 2009). However, as Cho stated, the Korean group music industry is in fact a duplicate of the United States (2005). This might be true when Western music first flew into Korea. Nevertheless, in the current situation, K-pop has already generated its own manner by absorbing and then reforming the features of Western music. Combining varied music elements together, K-pop, therefore, provides a fresh and distinct impression comparing to other countries music. Outstanding dancing ability The rise of K-pop is, secondly, advanced by the Korean singers outstanding dancing ability. In response to the question why Korean music attracted you, half of the interviewees replied with the same reason that Korean singers have outstanding dancing ability and deeply impressed them when Korean singers perform a live show. During 90s, the Korean music industry abounded with dance music and many people greatly enjoyed this kind of music, which lead dance music climb up to the peak and spread abroad. As Sang stated, [G]roups, such as NRG, Baby Vox, S.E.S. and Shinhwa began to penetrate China, Hong Kong and Taiwan(2006). The great success of dance music provided a consolidated ground for development of contemporary K-pop, which is still principally occupied by dance music. Therefore, audience could have more chance to enjoying singers dancing. On the other hand, those singers also ought to raise their dancing strength to survive. In order to survive, long training period is necessary for being a singer in Korea. Normally, if someone would like to be a singer in Korea, he/she have to pass an audition and then receive several years of training organized by the company in terms of dancing, singing, instruments, and etc. Training of dancing is the part that will never omit because dance music occupies a great proportion of K-pop. Therefore, singers in Korea, almost everyone, are possessed of great strength of dancing. According to Seo, with outstanding dancing ability and a country that a number of people enjoy dancing, Korean dance music could be exported to the world successfully (2002). Subsidies from Korean government Subsidies offered by the Korean government is another reason that bolstered Korean pop music groups captivate Hong Kong teenagers.The subsidy policy was trapped and launched internally in South Korea before 1996. However, as times goes on, in order to recover from the economic downturn, the government tried to revise the subsidy policy to support producing and exporting Korean cultural products, which became more extroversive to other countries (2003). Hence, with the great support by the government, pop music groups or their music companies could produce songs or other related products without any worries and have a more smooth way to export their productions. Furthermore, as Cho stated, the [Korean] government moved quickly to increase the national culture industrys budget, to station government specialists in large cities in China and elsewhere and to set up a hall of the Korean Wave (2005). When the government noticed that great benefits could be made from exporting the cultural products, it speeded up to advance the progress of internationalization of Korean culture, which thus provided more resource for Korean pop music groups to entre other countries industry. Anti-Japanese sentiment Another factor that boosts the popularity of K-pop in Hong Kong is the anti-Japanese sentiment, which has been discussed in many articles regarding discussions on Korean Wave (Cho, 2005). Japanese cultural flow has entered into Hong Kong for many years. Before the widespread popularity of K-pop in Hong Kong, Japanese pop music groups were the most popular foreign culture. 19th century could be said as the peak period of the Japanese culture. However, with weary of the long-lasting Japanese culture, Hong Kong people started seeking something new, something different from Japanese. Therefore, started from 20th century, as Korean cultural product were broadcast or sold in Hong Kong, the popularity of Japanese culture declined. Nevertheless, some people indicated that it will not disappear completely. Cultural proximities Another reason is that similar cultural background and appearance brings people cordial feeling more than westerners. As globalization develops and cultural exchanges become more and more frequent, Asia is no longer dominated by American popular culture. Asians are choosing things that are more culturally similar. (Cai, J., 2008). In many aspects, it is obvious that there are many similarities between Hong Kongers and Koreans. For instance, we celebrate the same festivals such as Lunar New Year and Middle Autumn Festival and also the same ideology Confucianism that has been rooted in both Hong Kong people and Koreans mind. Besides, both places were also colonized by Japan and received great influence from Japanese culture. Drama effect original soundtracks The following reason is that the songs which come along with TV dramas generated people curiosity and interest on K-pop. In every drama, there must be at least one theme song. Almost all the hit dramas in Hong Kong, the theme song will also gain great popularity without any additional promotion but the drama itself only (2009). Once the drama succeeds, a chain reaction would normally occur. In other words, a popular drama would bring its theme song popularity too. Therefore, there could be a good chance for those, who never listen to K-pop before, get to know K-pop. Dissatisfaction with the Hong Kong music industry The last but the most important reason, that previous research and studies have missed, lies on Hong Kong teenagers dissatisfaction with the Hong Kong music industry. Normally, while people keep pointing out and admiring the others strengths, it may likely lead to less reflection on their own. Without introspection what self lacks, no progress would be made. It, hence, could be doubtlessly bombarded by the others. The Hong Kong music industry now is exactly in that situation. When K-pop was penetrating Hong Kong, the Hong Kong music industry just kept praising K-pops strengths but did not act to fight against the huge constant flow of K-pop. It, hence, is doubtlessly bombarded by K-pop. Nowadays, K-pop or other related products could be easily discovered everywhere. There are three inadequacies of the current Hong Kong music industry that contributed to dissatisfaction: lack of diversity of song genres, lack of creativity and lack of music TV programs. Firstly, the Hong Kong music industry contains few song genres. Lack of diversity of song genres could not satisfy all people in Hong Kong, which lead people seek their flavor in other countries. Secondly, lack of creativity Moreover, according to the innovation ranking of Hong Kong among the world is 23 only, lagging behind Korea, Japan and Singapore (2010), which implied that lack of creativity is another inadequacy. Lastly, lack of music TV programs Section 4 As the influence of K-pop is increasing day by day, if the Hong Kong music industry still does not act to contend with. Therefore, Hong Kong has to enhance the competiveness of our own industry to emulate this successful invasion. The first thing we should do is refer to the success of K-pop, learn the strengths and even try to duplicate it. Intermixing with our style, Section 5 Conclusion K-pop, a part of Korean Wave, successfully penetrated Hong Kong, especially among teenagers due to several reasons: great diversity of song genres; outstanding dancing ability; Korean government subsidizes; Anti-Japanese sentiment; Cultural proximities; Drama effect original soundtracks; and the main reason: dissatisfaction with the stagnant Hong Kong music industry.

Anti-semitism In The Merchant Of Venice :: Free Merchant of Venice Essays

Anti-Semitism in The Merchant of Venice It is my strong belief that the play, "The Merchant of Venice", should be taught in classes. If this play was banned from schools it would most certainly be a form of censorship. While minors rights are somewhat limited when it comes to this right, I think that even Minors should not be censored from this writing. The play teaches us about prejudice, and why it is wrong. People would see how everyone was hurt at one time or another by a prejudice, whether it was the Christians making fun of Shylock or Shylock showing his prejudice to the Christian's. I imagine that anyone watching, listening or reading this play would see how everyone was hurt, and would learn of racism's faulty basis's for judging someone. Some people would have you think that the play itself is racist, and provides a forum in which racism can grow and become only a bigger problem. I think that this is a flawed way of looking at it. I see the play as a confrontation of a modern day problem which society still faces. Rather than providing a forum for racism to grow, the play provides a forum for anti-racism discussion, if all proper steps are taken. When I say if all proper steps are taken, I am referring to having this play taught by a teacher, who can explain the plays meaning in it's fullest so that the students do not miss any important points from it. Another point that may have been missed when the presentation was made to the school board to ban the material from being taught inside the school system was that everyone is bad in the play. The Christians portrayal was just as bad as the Jewish man, Shylock's portrayal. In fact I think that the play gave a worse portrayal of the Christian's because they ended up being the most evil, through taking away everything that Shylock had and making him become Christian. While Shylock did want to kill someone, the punishment invoked on him was even worse. As you can see, there are many reasons why "The Merchant of Venice" should be taught in classrooms. A. Whitney Griswold said in a speech (1952), "Books won't stay banned. They won't burn. Ideas won't go to jail. In the long run of history, the censor and the inquisitor have always lost.

African American Oral Tradition Essay

Modern African American Literature was formed under a stressful time for Africans, slavery. The only way the stories of the indigenous people of Africa were passed down was through oral recollections, or stories of the events. In America this was especially difficult for the slaves because of laws preventing them from learning English. By not being allowed to learn English, the slaves had to learn English solely on auditory purposes. This essentially made the slaves illiterate. When the slaves transferred the language that they heard to paper, a new style of language was formed which was referred to as dialect. Dialect is what the slaves thought they heard and the correct spelling of those words, not standard English. Dunbar, who wrote fluently in both standard English and dialect was praised by white critics only for his dialect poems, and not praised for his poems in standard English. His literacy works are still alive today, however the dialect works were attached with a stigma. Usually whites despised the African’s dialect. Therefore, the slaves would not try to publish any type of work with dialect because the slaves did not want to be associated with the stigma. In all, by creating a unique dialect gave the slaves a bilingual type of style. By not being able to write, slaves also made Genres such as, spiritual, folk songs and gospels. Songs such as these were ways of passing down stories to the next generation. These songs also contained secret messages. These messages may have contained information about escape routes or even the underground- railroad. However most of the songs were spiritual in nature. The songs also progressed through the years. The originals slave folk songs, spirituals, and gospels are now prevalent in modern day jazz and the blues. Martin even gives the example of Hayden, who mixes his song ideas with the ideas of Bessie Smith. Even though African are allowed to read and write, this is a form how their culture is still expressed today. Martin made the emphasis that the oral tradition is part of the African Americans distinct culture.

Health Care Provider: Awareness and Diversity of Faiths Essay

Abstract Within the health care system of today, many health care providers are introduced to various religious beliefs and practices through caring for those patients and families from different cultures. In order for competent medical treatment to be performed, the health care providers must take into account the religious beliefs of those in our care to deliver good and effective quality of care. This paper will examine this student’s point of view on Christianity and compare it with Native American Spirituality, Hinduism, and Buddhistic religious views and faiths regarding healing in today’s health care society. Patient’s cultural and spirituality must be incorporated, and considerations addressed as essential key elements to the overall health of the patient. This will provide the best possible outcomes for the patient. An analysis and comparison of Native American Spirituality, Hinduism and Buddhistic religious views on healing and mortality and will be paralleled, explored and discussed against the Christian faith view of the aforementioned within this paper. Introduction Providing health care to those of different spiritual backgrounds, it is essential to recognize the religious practices and beliefs of the patient and their families. It is of utmost importance to determine the specific needs that correspond with their practices and beliefs. Comprehending these beliefs will permit health care providers to set forth a plan that promotes the best possible outcomes for the patient in the end. The United States of America welcomes people of different nationalities and faiths. With such a  diversity of cultures and religions, health care providers are tasked with educating themselves concerning a multitude of faiths and corroborating the information learned with those particular religious beliefs. This allows the patient and families to receive spiritual care as well as the physical care they need. Hospitals nationwide have now recognized the cultural diversity of those that are living in the United States and have implemented a program to the training of its employees in cultural diversity. Christian perspective on restorative health Christian perspective on restorative health is based on the teachings from the Bible. Those who practice this faith believe that no matter the circumstances, God can restore health. While Jesus was alive and walked upon earth, it was proved that He was indeed the Son of God by the ability He had to heal those around Him. He restored health in many different ways. Matthew 14:14 (King James Version), the writer of this first Gospel tells its audience Jesus saw a abundant crowd and He had commiseration the crowd and restored health to the infirmed and debilitated. His touch restored health to the people and healed them (Matthew 9:29-30, King James Version). Through spoken words they were restored to health (Matthew 8:8, King James Version), and He made sound and whole multiple infirmities and afflictions amongst the population (Matthew 9:35, King James Version). People of Christian faiths believe that God can work through gifted individuals for assistance in healing. As declared in the King James Version Bible â€Å"But ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a particular people; that ye should shew forth the praises of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvelous light† (1 Peter 2:9, King James Version). Prayer is powerful and Christians are taught that healing can occur, but do not know exactly when this may occur. Christians do have strong faith in His power which comforts us in knowing that He has ultimate control. Christian families and the Church prayer and support, the process of healing begins and ends in this context (James 5:16, King James Version). Christians believe in following Gods word by faith and goodwill and generosity will be granted throughout their lives (Psalms 23:1-6, King James Version). Impression on restoration of health This student’s impression on restorative health from illness is one of the foundations of faith about the God of the Bible. Many stories declared in different parts of the Bible narrative restored health required nothing but faith. This student believes in the authority of supplication, individualized, and collectively within the congregate (a collective consciousness) and with supplication, healing has happened. Christianity and Native American Spirituality Compared The majority of Native American’s do believe that the Great Spirit (some Native American’s call this Great Spirit â€Å"Grandfather† and â€Å"Old Man†), which is part of all creation, from the heavens to the ground with all beings put here on earth. Conception is believed to be a blessing from God by Christians. Native American Spirituality believes that a person’s health is brought about through actions and interactions they have with the spirit world and wholeness is derived from the balance between the universe and the spirit world. Sickness derives from the imbalance with the spirit world and is causation of disharmony within the individual (â€Å"Guidelines for Native American Indians,† 2004). Christians have faith that God watches over the individual and prevents sickness from occurring. Native American Spiritual care is important through healing rituals which are performed at ceremonies and attended by family, tribe, along with a medical healer, either man or woman (Robinson, 2008). Christians have faith and pray to God that He heals those affected with sickness and diseases. If hospitalized, those of Native American Spirituality rely upon items which are considered sacred and powered by the Great Spirit which are in possession of the patient around the clock for healing (â€Å"Guidelines for Native American Indians,† 2004). As stated above, a Christians’ faith and belief that prayer is sacred and He answers prayers for good health and healing. When death happens, those of Native American Spirituality have a firm conviction in reincarnation and return in a multitude of forms other than human (â€Å"Guidelines for Native American Indians,† 2004). Whereas, those of Christian faith believes that once a person expires, the soul rises to heaven, but the persons’ body stays on earth. Christianity and Hinduism Compared Oldest of the world known religions is Hinduism. Hinduism is a way of life.  Hindu’s worship multiple deities, but Christians’ only believe in a single God, who created the ethereal and temporal worlds. Hindu’s adorn themselves ornamental clothing that have a specific religious meaning and some Christians wear special trinkets of faith, according to different denominations. Hindu’s are noted to pray three times a day and depending on the denomination, Christians will attend church several times a week to only once a week. Hindu’s believe in reincarnation once death has transpired (Sharma, 2002), while Christians believe upon death, the soul ascends to heaven and the body stays on earth. Christianity and Buddhism Compared There was a man named Buddha, who after many years of witnessing anguish which was related to old age, sickness, and death, fore sake his family. Setting out alone, his intent was to find life’s meaning. Buddhism (Hinduism also shares this belief), believes in karma. Karma is the belief that the force produced from the actions of a person is held to perpetuate transmigration and its ethical consequences determine the nature of the person’s next existence, a continuum of rebirth life cycles. A strong belief in karma exist, where every action has a reaction and that everything happens for a reason (â€Å"Guidelines for Buddhism†, 2003) and a Christians’ faith is that God heals all those who are ill. Christians believe that everyone has one life, one soul, while reincarnation is the belief among the Buddhist. The emphasis of the spiritual well-being of the Buddhist spiritual well-being is the translucence of the mind by prayer along with meditation during sickness. Christians’ depend up His mercy to restore their health after sickness. But if they are not healed, then they are to accept His will. The Buddhist and the Christian believe health restoration is foundationally grounded in spirituality. Supplication and mediation is practiced by both faiths, but those who are of the Buddhist faith perform chanting (Numrich, 2001). As death nears, both have varying kinfolk, pastoral, ministerial and clergyperson’s will be summoned to the bedside. Post obitum, posthumous care is critical to the practicing Buddhist. Practitioners of Buddhism believe the incorporeal part of the individual can take up to three days, per say, to evacuate the body (Numrich, 2001). The Christian believes the nonphysical, incorporeal soul ascends to heaven while the physical, corporal body remains. Summation The similarities between the Native American Spirituality, Hindu, and Buddhist devotions include prayer, family, and clergyman or women utilized during sickness and healing. The major difference between the Christian faith and the latter three is that once life ends the belief in reincarnated is paramount and the individual returns to the known world. Christians believe after death has occurred, the soul, the most sacred part, ascends into heaven where God acts as arbiter and judges the individuals faith and deeds while on physically in the world, but the physical vessel, the body will remain behind in the physical world. The utmost importance for the spiritual health of the patient is to combine their beliefs into the plan of care. This can be accomplished with health care providers allowing the individual and kinfolk to partake in specific rituals, which will support the spiritual well-being of the individual. References Guidelines for health care providers interacting with American Indian patients and their families. (2004). Retrieved from http://www.advocatehealth.com/documents/faith/CG-Native_American.pdf Guidelines for health care providers interacting with patients of the Buddhist religion and their families. (2003). Retrieved from http://www.advocatehealth.com/documents/faith/CGBuddhist.pdf Numrich, P. D. (2001). The buddhist tradition: religious beliefs and healthcare decisions. Retrieved from http://www.advocatehealth.com/documents/faith/Buddhist-Tradition.pdf Robinson, B. A. (2008). Native American Spirituality: beliefs of Native Americans, from the Arctic to the Southwest. Retrieved from http://www.religioustolerance.org/nataspir3.htm Sharma, A. (2002). The Hindu Tradition: religious beliefs and healthcare decisions. Retrieved from http://www.advocatehealth.com/documents/faith/Hindufinal.pdf

The Rise of Youtube and the Causes of Internet Music piracy The WritePass Journal

The Rise of Youtube and the Causes of Internet Music piracy Bibliography The Rise of Youtube and the Causes of Internet Music piracy IntroductionBibliographyRelated Introduction Sharing of illegal musical contents is becoming very popular nowadays. Sharing tools and many websites such as Kazza and Pirates bay are considered as a major source for downloading musical tracks and albums from the Internet around the globe. There are many reasons which have caused these illegal acts to emerge. One of the possible causes is the high cost of some albums and concert tickets. Many musical concerts might ask for very high entry fee. Example of this is the ticket price of a local concert for an artist named Stevie Wonders at Yas Island which is set to a price of Dhs250! Some CD and DVD packages might be little overpriced as well; however, several websites such as Amazon offer used CD albums while other websites such as iTunes offer cheap Mp3 tracks and albums for as low as 1$ Â  ( 4Dhs). Another possible cause is the diversity of tools and methods used by the pirates to publish the stolen and illegal material. Tools such Ares, Shareeza, and Kazza could be downloaded easily into your computer and use the P2P technology to acquire all the latest albums. The P2P (peer to peer) technology allows thousands of persons to share the same album and even allow the illegal users to comment on and rate these contents. There are several search engines created to find the illegal peers (distributors) such as torrentz.com website which connects thousands of violating sites. There are also several website where you can search for recorded musical events too. Several sites exist like YouTube where people can upload and watch HD quality full concerts for free with subtitles which make it more convenient for them than paying for the ticket money. Some people might also use forums and blogs to distribute such albums. Twitter (which is a blogging site) is an excellent source for the leak ed mp3 tracks downloads. A third cause of this major issue is the lack of moral and legal knowledge about this issue. For instance, many of the teens nowadays think that it’s not bad to download songs from the Internet. A recent study made by Barna group discovered that only eight percent of the sample of 1448 teenagers thinks it’s morally wrong to download music illegally from the internet (Ventura, 2004). As a result, several laws are enforced to protect Artist’s rights such as the UAE Copyright Law .These laws range from huge fines to impressments of copy-right violators, but these laws are mostly implemented heavily on companies rather than particular persons and this might seem quite disappointing. As a conclusion, it’s hard to ignore the several causes that made some Internet users distribute copied music contents through the Internet. It will be better to educate these persons on the possible effects of their actions. Bibliography Moore, C. W. (2003, August 8). Is Music Piracy Stealing? Retrieved March 12, 2011, from Applelinks: applelinks.com/mooresviews/pirate.shtml Stevie Wonders. (n.d.). Retrieved 03 12, 2011, from Yas Island: yasisland.ae/en/events-calendar/flash-events/yas-island-show-weekends/concerts/stevie-wonder-live-on-yas-island/ Ventura. (2004, April 26). Fewer Than 1 in 10 Teenagers Believe that Music Piracy is Morally Wrong. Retrieved 03 12, 2011, from The Barna Group: barna.org/barna-update/article/5-barna-update/139-fewer-than-1-in-10-teenagers-believe-that-music-piracy-is-morally-wrong

The Geography of Oceania, the Pacific Islands

The Geography of Oceania, the Pacific Islands Oceania is the name of the region consisting of island groups within the Central and South Pacific Ocean. It spans over 3.3 million square miles (8.5 million sq km). Some of the countries included in Oceania are Australia, New Zealand, Tuvalu, Samoa, Tonga, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Palau, Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, Kiribati,  and Nauru. Oceania also includes several dependencies and territories such as American Samoa, Johnston Atoll,  and French Polynesia. Physical Geography In terms of its physical geography, the islands of Oceania are often divided into four different sub-regions based on the geologic processes playing a role in their physical development. The first of these is Australia. It is separated because of its location in the middle of the Indo-Australian Plate and the fact that, due to its location, there was no mountain building during its development. Instead, Australias current physical landscape features were formed mainly by erosion. The second landscape category in Oceania is the islands found on the collision boundaries between the Earths crustal plates. These are found specifically in the South Pacific. For example, at the collision boundary between the Indo-Australian and Pacific plates are places like New Zealand, Papua New Guinea,  and the Solomon Islands. The North Pacific portion of Oceania also features these types of landscapes along the Eurasian and Pacific plates. These plate collisions are responsible for the formation of mountains like those in New Zealand, which climb to over 10,000 feet (3,000 m). Volcanic islands such as Fiji are the third category of landscape types found in Oceania. These islands typically rise from the seafloor through hotspots in the Pacific Ocean basin. Most of these areas consist of very small islands with high mountain ranges. Finally, coral reef islands and atolls such as Tuvalu are the last type of landscape found in Oceania. Atolls specifically are responsible for the formation of low-lying land regions, some with enclosed lagoons. Climate Most of Oceania is divided into two climate zones. The first of these is temperate and the second is tropical. Most of Australia and all of New Zealand are within the temperate zone and most of the island areas in the Pacific are considered tropical. Oceanias temperate regions feature high levels of precipitation, cold winters, and warm to hot summers. The tropical regions in Oceania are hot and wet year round. In addition to these climatic zones, most of Oceania is impacted by continuous trade winds and sometimes hurricanes (called tropical cyclones in Oceania) which have historically caused catastrophic damage to countries and islands in the region. Flora and Fauna Because most of Oceania is tropical or temperate, there is an abundant amount of rainfall which produces tropical and temperate rainforests throughout the region. Tropical rainforests are common in some of the island countries located near the tropics, while temperate rainforests are common in New Zealand. In both of these types of forests, there is a plethora of plant and animal species, making Oceania one of the worlds most biodiverse regions. It is important to note, however, that not all of Oceania receives abundant rainfall, and portions of the region are arid or semiarid. Australia, for example, features large areas of arid land which have little vegetation. In addition, El Nià ±o has caused frequent droughts in recent decades in Northern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Oceanias fauna, like its flora, is also extremely biodiverse. Because much of the area consists of islands, unique species of birds, animals,  and insects evolved out of isolation from others. The presence of coral reefs such as the Great Barrier Reef and Kingman Reef also represent large areas of biodiversity and some are considered biodiversity hotspots. Population Most recently in 2018, Oceanias population was around 41 million people, with the majority centered in Australia and New Zealand. Those two countries alone accounted for more than 28 million people, while Papua New Guinea had a population of over 8 million. The remaining population of Oceania is scattered around the various islands making up the region. Urbanization Like its population distribution, urbanization and industrialization also vary in Oceania. 89% of Oceanias urban areas are in Australia and New Zealand and these countries also have the most well-established infrastructure. Australia, in particular, has many raw minerals and energy sources, and manufacturing is a large part of its and Oceanias economy. The rest of Oceania and specifically the Pacific islands are not well developed. Some of the islands have rich natural resources, but the majority do not. In addition, some of the island nations do not even have enough clean drinking water or food to supply to their citizens. Agriculture Agriculture is also important in Oceania and there are three types which are common in the region. These include subsistence agriculture, plantation crops ,  and capital-intensive agriculture. Subsistence agriculture occurs on most of the Pacific islands and is done to support local communities. Cassava, taro, yams, and sweet potatoes are the most common products of this type of agriculture. Plantation crops are planted on the medium tropical islands while capital-intensive agriculture is practiced mainly in Australia and New Zealand. Economy Fishing is a significant source of revenue because many islands have maritime exclusive economic zones that extend for 200 nautical miles and many small islands have granted permission to foreign countries to fish the region via fishing licenses.   Tourism is also important to Oceania because many of the tropical islands like Fiji offer aesthetic beauty, while Australia and New Zealand are modern cities with modern amenities. New Zealand has also become an area centered on the growing field of ecotourism.

Business - Society & Planet for Sustainability and Stakeholder

Sustainability has been an important objective of the businesses in the past decade and the core principle of the organisations is to achieve the sustainability in the long run of the business. In this reflective essay, the concepts of sustainable business including the issues, approaches and challenges have been discussed. Sustainable business can be defined as the organisation that creates a minimum negative impact on the local or global environment and the sustainable businesses are progressive in human rights and environmental aspects.   John Elkington during the time of the 1990s created a new framework to monitor the performance of the organisation regarding sustainability in America. This measure went beyond the traditional framework of the organisation and it just did not measure the profit, shareholders' values and return on investment; it also included the social and environmental dimensions. As stated by Elkington (2013), the triple bottom line is the idea that fetches to broaden the aim on the financial bottom line by the organisations to include the environmental and social responsibilities. Therefore, the triple bottom line of the organisation measures the economic value, social responsibility and environmental impact of the organisations. I did not have an idea about triple bottom line; I only knew the organisation's bottom line was only the i e statement or the net i e. Today's organisations do not run only for financial profit but the betterment of people's lives and to help the environment. The responsi bilities of the organisations e pass not only to profit; but also people and planet to make them sustainable (Caroll & Buchholtz, 2014). I was reading the framework published in the International Reporting Council, where the article focused on the capital needs of the organisations. Financial capital is about understanding the implication of the regulatory changes that provide the traditional strengths of finance (Williard, 2012). Manufactured capital is about the decision-making of the financial analysis as the manufactured capital can lead to the success of the organisation. I believe that manufactured assets are the physical distribution of the services, networks and distribution networks. These goods and services should be delivered to the customers on time to utilise the manufactured capital. Intellectual capitals are the intangible assets like patents, trademarks and brand equity of the organisation (De Visscher, 2016). Human capital is the human resources that do the intellectual work of the organisation along with the technologies. I personally think that the organisations spend on training, on-boarding and re duce the employee turnover so that the human capital can be used to increase the efficiency of the intellectual capital. In addition, social and relational capitals are the social networking media like LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter that help the organisation to make relations with the customers and the external stakeholders. Finally, natural capital of the organisation is the raw materials that are used by the organisation like oil and gas, mining and other assets of the organisations. According to me, the organisations need to use these six capitals in order to improve the munity and to go towards sustainability. According to Dunphy, Griffiths & Benn (2006), there are six phases in the sustainability. The first phase is about rejection and it involves with the attitude on the part of the managers that the resources of the organisation like munity, employees and environment all should be used for the immediate economic gain of the organisations. The second phase is about non-responsiveness and it es from the lack of awareness of the organisation rather than to the active opposition of the corporate ethics (Benn, Edwards & Williams, 2014). In this phase, the organisations can ignore the sustainability and continue the business as usual form. In addition, pliance mainly focuses on the reducing the risks for failing to achieve the minimum standards of the producer or the employer. The organisations might change it to the growing legal requirements. In this stage, I think, the organisation's strategies might relate to the human sustainability that aims to legal pliance. The organisation can expect the employees' loyalty in terms of pliance. Moreover, efficiency reflects an increasing awareness of the managers and the organisations regarding the corporate social responsibilities gained through the proactively maintaining the sustainability practices. In this stage, the organisation can try to reduce the costs of the operational efficiency. The next phase is the strategic proactivity and it develops when the sustainable practices can seize the opportunities. An example of the strategic proactive can be the positioning of an organisation as the leader. In this regard, I can take the name of BP (British Petroleum) as they named it as a global leader in sustainability while they are doing the business in non-renewable resource-based products. Therefore, BP has adopted the strategic approach of sustainable practices of the business. Lastly, sustaining corporation concept reflects the internationalisation of the sustainability and the organisations can promote the developing the so ciety that would support the planet as well as the people. As stated by (Beattie & Smith, 2013), the organisations can contribute the democratic and equitable social practices.      Fuji Xerox is a joint venture pany and it moved from selling to leasing the office equipment. This organisation takes the used goods; they process their ponent and rebuild the machines. Therefore, most of the parts are recycled and zero waste. This feature of the business provides us with the example of doing the business that rebuilds the products with enhanced quality and reliability. In addition, I can provide another example of the eco-friendly supply chain of Ford Motor pany that has been using the fewer vehicles that pollute the atmosphere and it has been trying to make vehicles those would take less non-renewable fuels. Therefore, the panies are trying to be more focused on the environment to provide less carbon footprint. Movement of the organisations towards sustainability mainly depends on the organisational culture to gain the sustainability. My future aim is to a leader of a multinational organisation, I would try to bring the major transformation of organisation assumption and practices related to the sustainability. I believe science and technologies both are vital for the successful planning of the business and the organisation can implement the technologies that will depend mostly on people. Beattie, V., & Smith, S. J. (2013). Value creation and business models: refocusing the intellectual capital debate.  The British Accounting Review,  45(4), 243-254. Benn, S., Edwards, M., & Williams, T. (2014).  Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Abingdon: Routledge. Carroll, A. & Buchholtz, A., (2014).  Business and Society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management . London: Nelson Education. De Visscher, F. M. (2016).  Financing Transitions: Managing capital and liquidity in the family business. Berlin: Springer. Dunphy, D., Benn, S. & Griffiths, A. (2006). Enabling change for corporate sustainability: An integrated perspective.  Australasian Journal of Environmental Management ,  13(3), 156-165. Elkington, J. (2013). Enter the triple bottom line. In  The triple bottom line  (pp. 23-38). Abingdon: Routledge. Willard, B. (2012).  The new sustainability advantage: seven business case benefits of a triple bottom line. London: New Society Publishers.

Contemporary Issues in Western Religions Research Paper

Contemporary Issues in Western Religions - Research Paper Example The followers of Islam are called Muslims. Islam is based on monotheism, like Christianity and Judaism, and Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be upon Him) is believed to be the last prophet. The concept of worship in Islam is that every act can be considered an act of worshipping if it does done the way Allah has commanded His believers to. Apart from that, there are also five pillars of Islam, which are compulsory for every Muslim. These are ‘Kalima Tayyaba’ the authentication of faith, five prayers a day, fasting, Almsgiving or Zakaat, and pilgrimage called Hajj (once in a lifetime). As contrary to what is portrayed, Islam is not an extremist religion. It does not teach the followers to submit themselves completely either to the religion or to the worldly affairs, but to take a middle road between them and take care of their worldly matters in accordance to the religion. Islam, Judaism and Christianity are called Abrahamic religions. Islam is theologically and historically conne cted to other Monotheist religions Judaism and Christianity. To Muslims, Jews and Christians are ‘People of The Book’ and are respected for it. Belief in Injil (The Gospel of Jesus) is very important to Muslims, and Jewish history is taught in Islam as its own (ReligionFacts, 2012). But still Muslims believe that Jews and Christians have incorrect beliefs based on incomplete revelations. Jews believe that Islam and Christianity are wrongly interpreted extended forms of Judaism. Christians consider Judaism as a religion with partial revelation but consider Islam to be a false religion. Islam and Christianity were originated in the same geographical location, in the Middle East. Islam was founded in 622 CE in Arabia and Christianity in 33 CE in Palestine. Even though both Islam and Christianity believe in monotheism, Christian’s belief is slightly different. They believe in Trinity Monotheism which divides God into three sanctified persons and Jesus as the son of G od. Muslims however believe that Jesus’ birth was a miracle and Mary was a Virgin yet they do not believe that Jesus is the son of God and that is considered as a Shirk in Islam. In spite of this both believe in one God. The other spiritual entities in Islam and Christianity are angels and demons (and Jinns in Muslims). The humans who preach their respective religions are called prophets in Islam and Saints in Christianity. Regarding Jesus Muslims believe that he is a true prophet of God and his teachings were misinterpret, Jesus did not die but his spirit got lifted to the heavens and that he will be come again but can not be resurrected as he did not die In the first place. Christians believe that Jesus died when he was being crucified and then rose from the dead after three days and after resurrection and is believed to come back on the Day of Judgment. Holy revelations were through prophets and compiled into the Holy Quran in Islam and into the Holy Bible in Christianity. According to Islam, humans have the ability to do bad as well as good whereas in Christianity it is believed that man tends to be attracted by evil by nature. In Islam escape from hell is achieved by doing good actions and having true beliefs as well as by maintaining and upholding the Five Pillars of Islam. In Christianity salvation can be achieved by having true beliefs, and through performing sacraments. Wrongdoers will go to eternal hell and good people will go an eternal heaven in both Islam and Christianity. Islam and Judaism are also similar in theology and history. Like Islam, Judaism follows strict monotheism and believes in one God and believes in angels and demons

Creating a Diffusion Line For the Stella McCartney Brand Essay

Creating a Diffusion Line For the Stella McCartney Brand - Essay Example The paper "Creating a Diffusion Line For the Stella McCartney Brand" discovers the supply base of the Stella McCartney brand. Chung et al (2001) and Malhotra (1986) explain that brand personality can also be helpful in creating customer loyalty in the saturated domestic market, and this has been true of Stella McCartney. This is achieved through interaction with positive associations with the personalities of the consumers. Abedania (2010) states that this interaction helps a company to gain deeper understanding of the perception of consumers towards the brand. Stella McCartney has been able to tap into the value of its organized value chains to increase its profit margins, and reduce its expenses like transportation. A retail structure should enable a company to reach more target customers with the product and give an insight to their perceptions. An analysis of the company’s retail organizational structure indicates that it serves the needs of the organization. The company o perates 17 freestanding McCartney stores situated in Milan, New York, Los Angeles and London’s Mayfair, Manhattan’s Soho, Paris’ Palais Royal, LA’s West Hollywood, Rome and Miami. Currently, her collections are distributed in more than 50 countries through a network of 600 wholesale accounts including department stores and specialty shops. There is also an online shop for customers to purchase products online. This retail structure does not allow the company to have a total control on the delivery of its products. An overview of the supply base of the Stella McCartney brand From the above discussion, it is clear that Stella McCartney has an extensive supply chain. This supply chain serves the needs of the proposed diffusion brand and its proposed buying strategy in various ways. First, the extensive supply chain ensures that high-end designs more and easily accessible to the public. The customers are to be allowed to access lowly-priced but specially desi gned products for a limited time. Information from IBISWorld (2012) revels that offering products that are moderately priced than the original line will ensure that the devised buying strategy captures customers from less wealthy and younger demographics. This is a group of budget-conscious buyers and thus this strategy is important in ensure that customer demand is sustained all through the business periods, especially when the value of once-elite brands fades and they no longer sell as they used to. There is room for improvements that will help in ensuring that the existing supply chain serves the needs, and buying strategy of the proposed diffusion brand to a better level. One of the recommendations is to enter into lower-priced designer collaborations with many fast selling fashion retailers. Although the products will be offered at different price ranges, this step will result to increased sales and thus a general increase in revenue. The company is able to interact and communi cate with customers through various ways through its supply chain. For for example, it uses brochures and direct customer service which ensures that the needs of the customers are always taken into accountability when coming up with new designs. Global distribution strategy for taking the product forward to both the B2B and B2C consumer The company’s distribution strategy for taking the product forward to both the B2B and B2C should be formulated from a multichannel perspective.

Marginal cost Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marginal cost - Essay Example The contribution value for the business proposal is computed by the difference between the marginal costs and the sales from the energy drinks.The above, cost data indicates that the variable cost per unit remains constant whether the business will produce 100 units, 125 or 150 units of energy drinks. It is however, very clear that the cost per unit of production goes down per every increase in the production as illustrated by the chart table above. What as well also stands out is that the cost per unit is also decreasing with the increase of production for the energy drinks. This is due, to the existence of the fixed cost that is spread over an increasing volume of the output for the energy drink by the business.This is the technique, employed in the production departments and management accountants and are used to determine the feasibility of production cost between those that are variable and that change with the production output and with those that are fixed and they do not have any association with the volume of production. Both the fixed and the variable costs are compared with the sales revenue so as to determine the sales volume, value or the production at which the business makes neither a loss nor a profit. This is the breakeven point for a business. This can as well be represented on the break even chart to indicate the costs at the various levels for the business.The company requires a cash budget of about of about  £11,750. Borrowing that should be done should be done in a way as to cover deficiencies.

Asset Assesment and E-Commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Asset Assesment and E-Commerce - Essay Example early internal audit reports Delineation of Authorities and Responsibilities Roles defined and responsibilities delineated for: Overall fixed asset officer: 1. planning and overseeing of system asset management 2. involving in the implementation of asset management plan 3. taking action of defective or obsolete assets Hardware and software custodians (as related): 1. obtaining resources 2. performing functions 3. documenting and maintaining records 4. deployment and controls 5. managing contract agreements, internal and external customers’ relationships Asset Management manual and strategic plans, roles and responsibilities specified in the job description Organization-wide communication of the specified responsibilities Minutes of meetings, e-mails, posting in bulletin board Policies and Procedures Availability of policy and procedure development, periodic review, approvals, issuance, and control Approved policy and documented implementation Documented policies including: 1. Employees and leadership responsibilities on of software and hardware in use 2. limitations on the use of assets and software for personal use 3. compliance to legal and regulatory requirements, propriety and protection of data 4. asset acquisition 5. approval on installation and use of software 6. consequences of violating the policies Review of policies and documents on implementation Organization-wide communication of policies including: 1. newly joined employees during orientation period 2. continuing annually through in-house trainings 3. signing on acknowledgement 4. accessible to all anytime needed Publications through the e-mails, system database for manuals, adding to the code of conduct, e-mailing and minutes of meeting MANAGEMENT OF ASSETS INVENTORY Identification of Software Asset... This study shows that per audit checklist used, internal audit is not conducted periodically. Hardware changes are not covered in internal audit. Technology resources were not considered in the current year budget plan. Functions in control of assets overlap with overall fixed custodian and software and hardware custodians. Purchasing officer has nothing to do with assets contracts. Computer games are installed in the computer networks. No regular training of employees related to information technology. Positive findings deserve appreciation from the management to the responsible employees. â€Å"Keep up the good work.† On the other hand, all employees should get training on information technology. IT Department should be part of orientation program presenters for new employees. The human Resources yearly training program should include information technology topics. All employees should sign the â€Å"statement of confidentiality†. Storage of software, backup system an d consequences of information system violations should be included in the security policy.Findings from Belarc Advisor system audit recommendation should configure settings on account lockout, passwords, event logs, files permission, security options, user-right assignment and system services. Define policies for password issuance and usage, audit, the Internet, Explorer Seven and local computer. Impose restrictions on local computer administration templates, network, systems, and Windows. Create profiles for Windows firewall, domain, and standard.

Shariah Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Shariah Law - Essay Example It seemed to me that there were no reasons to allow that to happen and yet it seemed that not only was it being allowed by the one being beaten but by those that were watching the beating. I just didn't understand and to be honest it was beyond anything I could imagine. The real sadness it seemed to me came from the fact that tsunami had so devastated this country and now it seemed the new government would devastate what was left. Stopping violence towards women and children is a worldwide concentration right now. The WHO has put major emphasis on it. This new policy seems to make that violence worse and in a part of the world where the respect for women is already very minor. There is also the fact that this police force appears to have a poor view of women as well as the poor. Not only do they have a poor view of women but of the people in general. To parade women in front of men in that culture is degrading and allows men to take advantage of them as well. Being raised in the United States makes one see many things differently. Americans have no real experience with this kind of problem. We cannot imagine allowing someone to beat us, no less in public. Freedom of religion is one of our basic rights and we take full advantage of that. To have any kind of punishment inflicted in the name of a God would be more than we would ever understand. There is a lot of controversy right now about the possibility that there are some cases when culture is incompatible and this may be one of them. How a culture feels about its religion and whether there is a recognition as to the fact that not everyone believes the same thing can affect all other things in life.. That is not the case in Indonesia and it appears the little bit of freedom they might have had for awhile is now gone. Along with freedom of religion, of course, comes freedom of speech. It appears from the example of the women talking among themselves that this is surely not allowed. There also seems to be very little respect for women at all which though it is still being improved, is somewhat better in many countries. Are there any courts This is a question that has to be ask. Punishing someone instantly which appears to the case regularly allows that a court is not necessary. So, another thing that many of us are used to is "innocent until proved guilty." In the United States, we believe that "all men are created equal." We have not shown that through our history but we are getting there. We also believe that we have a government by the people and for the people so it is difficult to imagine that any government has the right to come along and change the religious rules for the country and begin to punish those that do not follow the rules. We can only guess what they are going through. As health professionals, we have caring beliefs. It causes us great discomfort to see the wounded person both physically or mentally. To see a case of purposeful wounding is really quite difficult. Many American surgeons and nurses went to Indonesia after the tsunami and performed great helping services. This is an issue that needs worldwide help. However, we must also remember that the healthcare

Marginal cost Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marginal cost - Essay Example The contribution value for the business proposal is computed by the difference between the marginal costs and the sales from the energy drinks.The above, cost data indicates that the variable cost per unit remains constant whether the business will produce 100 units, 125 or 150 units of energy drinks. It is however, very clear that the cost per unit of production goes down per every increase in the production as illustrated by the chart table above. What as well also stands out is that the cost per unit is also decreasing with the increase of production for the energy drinks. This is due, to the existence of the fixed cost that is spread over an increasing volume of the output for the energy drink by the business.This is the technique, employed in the production departments and management accountants and are used to determine the feasibility of production cost between those that are variable and that change with the production output and with those that are fixed and they do not have any association with the volume of production. Both the fixed and the variable costs are compared with the sales revenue so as to determine the sales volume, value or the production at which the business makes neither a loss nor a profit. This is the breakeven point for a business. This can as well be represented on the break even chart to indicate the costs at the various levels for the business.The company requires a cash budget of about of about  £11,750. Borrowing that should be done should be done in a way as to cover deficiencies.

Shariah Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Shariah Law - Essay Example It seemed to me that there were no reasons to allow that to happen and yet it seemed that not only was it being allowed by the one being beaten but by those that were watching the beating. I just didn't understand and to be honest it was beyond anything I could imagine. The real sadness it seemed to me came from the fact that tsunami had so devastated this country and now it seemed the new government would devastate what was left. Stopping violence towards women and children is a worldwide concentration right now. The WHO has put major emphasis on it. This new policy seems to make that violence worse and in a part of the world where the respect for women is already very minor. There is also the fact that this police force appears to have a poor view of women as well as the poor. Not only do they have a poor view of women but of the people in general. To parade women in front of men in that culture is degrading and allows men to take advantage of them as well. Being raised in the United States makes one see many things differently. Americans have no real experience with this kind of problem. We cannot imagine allowing someone to beat us, no less in public. Freedom of religion is one of our basic rights and we take full advantage of that. To have any kind of punishment inflicted in the name of a God would be more than we would ever understand. There is a lot of controversy right now about the possibility that there are some cases when culture is incompatible and this may be one of them. How a culture feels about its religion and whether there is a recognition as to the fact that not everyone believes the same thing can affect all other things in life.. That is not the case in Indonesia and it appears the little bit of freedom they might have had for awhile is now gone. Along with freedom of religion, of course, comes freedom of speech. It appears from the example of the women talking among themselves that this is surely not allowed. There also seems to be very little respect for women at all which though it is still being improved, is somewhat better in many countries. Are there any courts This is a question that has to be ask. Punishing someone instantly which appears to the case regularly allows that a court is not necessary. So, another thing that many of us are used to is "innocent until proved guilty." In the United States, we believe that "all men are created equal." We have not shown that through our history but we are getting there. We also believe that we have a government by the people and for the people so it is difficult to imagine that any government has the right to come along and change the religious rules for the country and begin to punish those that do not follow the rules. We can only guess what they are going through. As health professionals, we have caring beliefs. It causes us great discomfort to see the wounded person both physically or mentally. To see a case of purposeful wounding is really quite difficult. Many American surgeons and nurses went to Indonesia after the tsunami and performed great helping services. This is an issue that needs worldwide help. However, we must also remember that the healthcare

The Green Light in The Great Gatsby Essay Essay Example for Free

The Green Light in The Great Gatsby Essay Essay Key Factors * 1920’s America â€Å"the Jazz era† – America had a soaring economy – Set in the summer of 1922. * Wealth, class, social status, love, materialism and the decline of theâ€Å"American Dream† (caused by a dizzy rise in the stock markets after WW1) are all major themes * Narrated through the eyes of character Nick Carraway – educated at Yale, moves to New York from Minnesota – presumably searching for success i.e. the American Dream * The storyline is very similar to Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald’s own life events. * Prohibition of alcohol in America (1920-1933) meant that bootlegging/rum-running was big business. This was how Gatsby made his fortune. * Every character appears to be something they’re not. * Fitzgerald portrays the 1920s as an era of decayed social and moral values, evidenced in its overarching cynicism, greed, and empty pursuit of pleasure * As Fitzgerald saw it (and as Nick explains in Chapter 9), the American dream was originally about discovery, individualism, and the pursuit of happiness. In the 1920s depicted in the novel, however, easy money and relaxed social values have corrupted this dream, especially on the East Coast. Essay Question Analysis Explore the ways in which Fitzgerald presents contrast between the characters of Daisy and Myrtle in The Great Gatsby? Daisy Buchanan: Her name symbolises a flower: White on the outside and yellow on this inside, this is in keeping with Fitzgerald’s use of colours/symbolism. Although white may be used throughout the novel to symbolise purity, innocence and honesty, could it be that white could mean blank, void, empty? * â€Å"The exhilarating ripple of her voice was a wild tonic in the rain† * â€Å"Her voice is full of money† couldnt be over-dreamed Metaphor * â€Å"Daisy’s murmur was only to make people lean towards her, an irrelevant criticism that made it no less charming† * â€Å"She dressed in white, and had a little white roadster† – â€Å"white girlhood† * It makes me sad because Ive never seen such such beautiful shirts before. – Materialism * Daisy and Jordan lay upon an enormous couch, like silver idols weig hing down their own white dresses against the singing breeze of the fans. * I hope shell be a  foolthats the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool You see, I think everythings terrible anyhow And I know. Ive been everywhere and seen everything and done everything. – Materialism If her daughter is a fool, then shell never get hurt. Shell never realize that she married for money and status instead of real love, that her husband is having an affair right under her nose, that everyone sees her as silly, stupid, naive, and pitiful. If shes a fool, shell never have an opinion that can be dismissed by the men in her life, and shell never care about anything except dresses and flowers and all the pretty things in life. Shell be pretty enough to find a husband who can support her financially, and dumb enough never to realize how tragic life actually is. * Nicks second cousin, once removed. * â€Å"The most popular young girl in Louisville† * Daughter â€Å"Pammy† is rarely seen throughout the book. Though when company is over she is beckoned to perform an act. Much like Daisy. Daisy’s Location and descriptions * East Egg, Long Island, New York. – home to â€Å"old money†, wealthy aristocracy, tradition, old ideals and ideas * Comes from a wealthy family in Louisville, Kentucky * The significance of East Egg and West Egg is the social divide between new money and old money. Daisy and Tom Buchanan are old money (their families have been rich for many generations) and so they live on East Egg island. Gatsby and Nick are new money (theyve earned it themselves or their parents earned it through work) so they live on West Egg island. It also represents the ideas of living in the past and present. East Egg represents how Daisy and Tom both live with old world ideals and ideas, and refusing to move on into the west where new things await. West Egg represents how Gatsby and Nick are living in the present and they try to move out of the past life and ideals. They are able to look to the future instead of being held back in the past. They are unafraid to try new things. NICKS QUOTE ABOUT THE AMERICAN DREAM â€Å"the green light, the orgiastic future  that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but thats no mattertomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther. And one fine morning So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past. TOM AND DAISY QUOTE – â€Å"They were careless people, Tom and Daisy they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money of their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together and let other people clean up the mess they had made.† Myrtle Wilson – Much like Daisy, Myrtle also symbolises a plant, however, Myrtle (translated from old English) means evergreen shrub, which is a very common plant. This is a valley of ashesa fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens; where ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and rising smoke and, finally, with a transcendent effort, of men who move dimly and already crumbling through the powdery air. Occasionally a line of gray cars crawls along an invisible track, gives out a ghastly creak, and comes to rest, and immediately the ash-gray men swarm up with leaden spades and stir up an impenetrable cloud, which screens their obscure operations from your sight. He thinks she goes to see her sister in New York. Hes so dumb he doesnt know hes alive. I married him because I thought he was a gentlemanI thought he knew something about breeding, but he wasnt fit to lick my shoe. Colors Symbolism, Imagery, Allegory Sometimes we sound like art snobs when we talk about The Great Gatsby (Look at the use of green! Such marvelous blues, and so forth). Honestly, it seems like there’s a little too much color stuff going on here to be coincidental. Yellow and Gold: Money, Money, Money. Oh, and Death. First off, we’ve got yellows and golds, which we’re thinking has something to  do with†¦gold (in the cash money sense). Why gold and not green? Because we’re talking about the real stuff, the authentic, traditional, old money – not these new-fangled dollar bills. So you’ve got your yellow cocktail music playing at Gatsby’s party where the turkeys are bewitched to dark gold and Jordan and Nick sit with two girls in yellow. It seems clear, then, that Gatsby is using these parties to try to fit in with the old money crowd. And it doesn’t stop there; when Gatsby is finally going to see Daisy again at Nick’s house, he wears a gold tie. Nick later mentions the pale gold odor of kiss-me-at-the-gate, which may seem weird (since last we checked, colors didn’t have a smell) until we remember Nick’s description of New York as a wish out of non-olfactory money. Odor then is associated with gold, and non-odor with money. The difference? Perhaps the same distinction as Daisy’s upper class world and Gatsby’s new-found wealth. While Gatsby buys a yellow car to further promote his facade, he’s really not fooling anyone. Lastly, we’ve got Daisy, who is only called the golden girl once Gatsby realizes that her voice, her main feature, is full of money. Yellow is not just the color of money, but also of destruction. Yellow is the color of the car that runs down Myrtle. The glasses of Eckleburg, looking over the wasteland of America, are yellow. This dual symbolism clearly associates money with destruction; the ash heaps are the filthy result of the decadent lifestyle led by the rich. White: Innocence and Femininity. Maybe. While we’re looking at cars, notice that Daisy’s car (back before she was married) was white. So are her clothes, the rooms of her house, and about half the adjectives used to describe her (her white neck, white girlhood, the king’s daughter high in a white palace). Everyone likes to say that white in The Great Gatsby means innocence, probably because 1) that’s easy to say and 2) everyone else is saying it. But come on – Daisy is hardly the picture of girlish innocence. At the end of the novel, she is described as selfish, careless, and destructive. Does this make the point that even the purest characters in Gatsby have been corrupted? Did Daisy start off all innocent and fall along the way, or was there no such purity to begin with? Or, in some way, does Daisy’s decision to remain with Tom allow her to keep her innocence? We’ll keep thinking about that one.  Blue: This One’s Up For Grabs Then there’s the color blue, which we think represents Gatsby’s illusions his deeply romantic dreams of unreality. We did notice that the color blue is present around Gatsby more so than any other character. His gardens are blue, his chauffeur wears blue, the water separating him from Daisy is his blue lawn, mingled with the blue smoke of brittle leaves in his yard. His transformation into Jay Gatsby is sparked by Cody, who buys him, among other things, a blue coat. Before you tie this up under one simple label, keep in mind that the eyes of T.J. Eckleburg are also blue, and so is Tom’s car. If blue represents illusions and alternatives to reality, God may be seen as a non-existent dream. As for Tom’s car†¦well, you can field that one. Grey and a General Lack of Color: Lifelessness (no surprise there) Then there is the lack of color presented in the grey ash heaps. If the ash heaps are associated with lifelessness and barrenness, and grey is associated with the ash heaps, anyone described as grey is going to be connected to barren lifelessness. Our main contender is Wilson: When anyone spoke to him he invariably laughed in an agreeable colorless way. Wilson’s face is ashen. His eyes are described as pale and glazed. It is then no coincidence that Wilson is the bearer of lifelessness, killing Gatsby among yellow leaved trees, which we already decided had something to do with destruction. Green: Life, Vitality, The Future, Exploration Last one. We’re thinking green = plants and trees and stuff, so life and springtime and other happy things. Do we see this in The Great Gatsby? The most noticeable image is that green light we seem to see over and over. You know, the green light of the orgastic future that we stretch our hands towards, etc. etc. We can definitely see green as being hopeful, as being the future, as being vitality and freshness. Right before these famous last lines, Nick also describes the fresh, green breast of the new world, the new world being this land as Nick imagines it existed hundreds of years before. The new world might be green, but when Nick imagines Gatsby’s future without Daisy, he sees a new world, material without being real, where poor ghosts, breathing dreams like air, drifted fortuitously aboutlike that ashen fantastic figure gliding toward him through the amorphous trees. Nick  struggles to define what the future really means, especially as he faces the new decade before him (the dreaded thirties). Is he driving on toward grey, ashen death through the twilight, or reaching out for a bright, fresh green future across the water?

Bogland and Tollund Man | Seamus Heaney

Bogland and Tollund Man | Seamus Heaney Postmodernism in Heaneys Poems Bogland and Tollund Man Introduction This research is a case study including discussions and analysis of two poems by Seamus Heaney, one of the postmodern poets. The poems, which are going to be analyzed, are: Bogland and The Tollund Man. In Heaneys poetry we can see a connection between the mythical and the logical, the past and the present, to describe his thoughts and emotions, concerning the Irish troubles and human experiences. Heaney represent his feelings toward these problems by using imagery and structural techniques that are present in his poems . Chapter one of this study is a review of the ideology of postmodernism with emphasis on postmodernism and poetry. It also includes the meaning of postmodernism, different views and criticism on Heaneys poetry and his ideas about the principles of imagism. Chapter two analyzes the poem Bogland and reveals some points in describing the poem such as its national sides and two key images in the poem and explains how the poet has achieved and used them in his poems. It also discusses about Heaneys essay on a poem called The Bog People by P.V Globe. Chapter three is about the poem The Tollund Man and refers it to the deadly and violent features existing in The Bog People. It discusses how the corpses from ancient world and primitive customs present themselves to the poem. Its also about the strangeness in todays conditions and how Heaney changes his descriptive statements and emotional account into images in his poetry. It says that what is considered is the history of present and the whole world is in imaginative language. Heaneys poetry is the imagination and dreams of freedom in his mirror and writing these poems is an act of expressing what is happening in his mind. Today postmodernism is considered as a reproduction of ancient traditions. Postmodernism like modernism, follows the ideas of rejecting boundaries between high and low forms of art, rejecting inflexible genre distinctions, and emphasizing parody, irony and playfulness.1 Postmodernism points to a growing reality in culture. Anything fast, image centered, any thing that shocks or no longer keeps the tradition in itself can be considered postmodern. Dr. Christopher Carter, one of the professors at University of Louisville believes: From Adrienne Rich to Jacques Derrida, poets continually attack conventional boundaries, recondition them, ignore them. Postmodern poets often subvert the very forms they appropriate. They pose as different selves while refusing to speak for anyone, risk the same audiences they attract, revitalize senses and emotions flattened by mass market culture. They compose a cacophonous music which thrives on interruption and frustrated expectation. Sonnets might have fourteen links, but seldom fourteen lines. Language, that cultural prison, becomes a site of communal resistance. 2 Postmodernism can also be considered in poetry. Among the famous postmodermn poets are: Jacques Derrida, Kathy Acker, Adrienne Rich, Charels Berstein, Yeats and Heaney. Seamus Heaney in an essey From Feeling to Word in 1974 has described his poetic life and the development of his poetic intelligence, and he believes that at first a man starts to work just like any other imitators and then what he learns is actually his special technique in poetry, he call it craft of writing. Then the poet achieves some results about technique, and in fact it is a collection of skills that the poet uses to create his own style and method. About The Bog People he writes: I admire the range of a poems criticism to be more colorful, and I like it to be more firm. The words allow you to have this two-faced encounter. They smile at their readers way of reading and wink at the poets way of using them. Of course, behind them there is much symbolic theorization, but not that in my conscious movement toward writing poetry. I was guided by the symbolic prescriptions, but I agree with a amalgam of generalities that in a vague way can best describe that symbolic label.And I find the principles of imagism, methodology of the symbolism, interesting: presenting an image as a mental and emotional knot in a moment of time. I think all of these were inevitable by considering the course I had in English literature that reached its peak with Eliot and Yeats.3 This part of modernists tradition needs no explanation. Heaney was also conscious of this matter and therefore maybe because of this, in an essay in 1974, that is an important essay for understanding his poetical grows, he talks about these matters in detail. Writing about Heaney in 1968, Jim Hunter said: His own involvement does not exclude us: there are few private references, and the descriptive clarity of his writing makes it easy to followHeaneys world is a warm, even optimistic one: his tone is that of traditional sanity and humanity.4 Heaney described his area by writing Digging as the first poem of his first book. In this and many later poems, like Tony Morisons, he was concerned about the oppressed. After writing the powerful bog poems of North (1975), he was considered as a political poet and was forced to live in the Irish Republic. The troubles of Ireland continued in his poems, but the richer harmonies in Field Work (1979), Station Island (1984), The Haw Lantern (1987), Seeing Things (1991), and The Spirit level (1996) show his strong intelligence in poetry, and thats why Robert Lowell considers him as the best Irish poet since W.B Yeats. Heaney is the winner of the 1995 Noble Prize for literature. Seamus Heaney and Bogland The year 1969 is a significant year for Heaney, when he published Bogland. In this poem Heany brought himself from modernism to the postmodernism. It is rarely seen that all of the poets in passing from modernism to postmodernism experienced all of his points completely. Two key images that have an important role in his sight, especially when we move from his earlier poems, are untouched corpses and bog. How did the poet achieve these two images? The images are important because firstly, they dont seem to have any mythological side and secondly, no one before Heaney has used them in poetry in this way. We see no trace of them neither in the plays of Oscar Wilde, Bernard Shaw, J. M. Synge or Yeats and no sign of them in the short stories and novels of James Joyce, Samuel Beckett or Yeats poems. Irish writers had taken no notice of these boggy corpses until the publication of Heaneys poems. But Heaney himself not only mentioned the presence of those corpses and the bog but also established a reality that has now become a part of Ireland history. The poem goes like this: We have no prairies To slice a big sun at evening Everywhere the eye concedes to Encrouching horizon, Is wooed into the cyclops eye Of a tarn. Our unfenced country Is bog that keeps crusting Between the sights of the sun. Theyve taken the skeleton Of the Great Irish Elk Out of the peat, set it up An astounding crate full of air. Butter sunk under More than a hundred years Was recovered salty and white. The ground itself is kind, black butter Melting and opening underfoot, Missing its last definition By millions of years. Theyll never dig coal here, Only the waterlogged trunks Of great firs, soft as pulp. Our pioneers keep striking Inwards and downwards, Every layer they strip Seems camped on before. The bogholes might be Atlantic seepage. The wet centre is bottomless. Heaney reveals some points in describing this poem. First of all is that this landscape reminds him of his childhood. Secondly, bog is not just a landscape but it is a memory. In the past some creatures lived in it or some other sank in it. The butter, which was put beneath the coal to save it from decay, is taken out white and salted, and it hasnt decayed in one hundred years. This memory has national sides, too. Whatever was put in Dublines museum, was a sign of an exploration in the boggy area. The things found in the bog awaken the public and personal memory of the poet. Thirdly the poet uses analogy. Prairie is one of the characteristics of Americas soil. The prairie in the dusk doesnt split the sun in Ireland. Heaney remembers this thought from the memory of American literature. The literature of pioneers, a kind of literature that is written with the opening of Americas continental border. Here, it is not that condition. In this fenceless land, the bog is layered and in each l ayer that is taken by Irish pioneers, the past generations, in former years have set up a camp. Here, the pioneer doesnt proceed, but he goes down; and here the land will not reach its explanation after millions of years. Extracting coal from here is difficult, because bogs water has softened the firs. Heaney with the image of this bog and this memory reaches his poetical independence. But he doesnt stop in this independence, he tries to bring this subject near to a new way of poetic statement. In fact the reason of Heaneys popularity in Ireland is that he deepens the realm of death, this eternal subject matter of poetry, in the Irish homeland and the death of the language of poetry. Now we come back to two main images of Heaneys poem: bog and corpse. Heaneys indication of The Bog People, published in the same year as Bogland, is not without reason. P.V Globe, the writer of The Bog People, explains fully about the saved corpses of men and women found in Jutland. These corpses are bare and their throats have been cut or they were suffocated. The writer believes that these corpses were put under the coal in the age of Iron, and he thinks that the men corpses were sacrificed in a custom in the age of the motherhood of The Mother Goddess and were sacrificed to guarantee the fertility of the land. The Mother Goddess selects young men as her bedfellows and in the spring she split their blood on the grounds. One of these men whose head is saved in the museum Silkeburg, is named The Tollund Man that is the title of one of Heaneys poems that we are going to discuss in the following chapter. Seamus Heaney and The Tollund Man What took place in the past and accompanied with violence, death and killing, threw itself into a risky future. Heaney, with a reference to these events that happened in his country, wrote the poem Tulland Man. In Death of a Naturalist he says: When I wrote this poem, I experienced a new feeling, the feeling of death(124). Here comes the poem: Some day I will go to Aarhus To see his peat-brown head, The mild pods of his eye-lids, His pointed skin cap. In the flat country near by Where they dug him out, His last gruel of winter seeds Caked in his stomach, Naked except for The cap, noose and girdle, I will stand a long time. Bridegroom to the goddess, She tightened her torc on him And opened her fen, Those dark juices working Him to a saints kept body, Trove of the turfcutters Honeycombed workings. Now his stained face Reposes at Aarhus. II I could risk blasphemy, Consecrate the cauldron bog Our holy ground and pray Him to make germinate The scattered, ambushed Flesh of labourers, Stockinged corpses Laid out in the farmyards, Tell-tale skin and teeth Flecking the sleepers Of four young brothers, trailed For miles along the lines. III Something of his sad freedom As he rode the tumbril Should come to me, driving, Saying the names Tollund, Grauballe, Nebelgard, Watching the pointing hands Of country people, Not knowing their tongue. Out here in Jutland In the old man-killing parishes I will feel lost, Unhappy and at home. The poem is about the forces of fate. The chance of survival for the bog bodies. In the poem, the poet has considered the freedom very important and valuable. There is no society, no group, cold death and outside forces. The first image is an image of a corpse who is quiet and caught in the torc of others. There is an emphasis on his brown skin. He is left unprotected, naked and destroyed but elevated at the same time. There is a harsh feeling connected with the surrounding country. The goddess is part of the country. The only marks it leaves on victims, are the remains of their death, cap, noose and girdle. The isolation from society is emphasized in the poem by dwelling on the strane name such as Tollund, Graubelle, Nebelgard. The at home is just the persons normal state and it is not supposed to be comfortable. The poem has special kind of characteristics similar to Yeats poetry. The most important characteristic of it, is its strangeness in todays condition. The poet didnt need to make a strange world in this poem, but the poem is strange itself, because of those real corpses that were brought out of the bog. . But the poetry of this world, which is entirely strange and frightening, cannot be written just with a descriptive language. We will see that Heaney himself came to this conclusion that offering a landscape even a landscape which is so frightening is not enough. The poets responsibility is not to describe a landscape either its gloomy and savage or its poetical and beautiful. He cant just get affected and then produce his poetry. The main characteristic of a part of modernism in poetry is fragmentary presentation of the pieces. Heaney now, has the subject, has his descriptive statement, has its emotional account, then he changes all of them into images. But in this poem, first of al l he deals with external references because every image of the poem and the pieces of poetry can refer to that event. Corpses from ancient world and from primitive customs present themselves to the poet. Nineteen corpses that earlier had lost their real geography, appears to the poet. Todays world of the poet with these primitive corpses is in danger. The poet himself says that he is in fear. In the field of novel, we have seen distressful worlds in the works of Borges, Nabakov, Italo Calvino and Margues and in poetry in the works of Robert Creely, John Ashbery and now in the works of Heaney that is closer to our time. Who will say corpse? To his vivid cast? Who will say `body To his opaque repose? Heaney is one of the most political poets of the twentieth century, but in spite of social and political matters, he is the poet of presence. He has a certain belief and aim in poetry. The poet sees that after producing his poetry as a progressive conscious of his time and the language of his history and his people, he reveals his dependency in his poetry. When he has passed all these matters, he arrived at a point that the philosophers nowadays call it critical point. Conclusion Heaney can be considered as a poet who showed loyalty to the classic English poetry and modern European-English poetry tradition. But because of his protest against the traditions that is passed to him from the past, he shows his originality by turning away from past and traditional principles to modern conventions. Heaneys poems, which are related to, Sacrifice Ceremonies are, as they were, the images in Heaneys mirror. They are his imaginations and dreams of freedom. What we have is a situation in which the world turns out, according to the logic of the poem, not to an unknown territory at all, but to what the poet always knew but had simply forgotten. It is as if the world is a hidden unconscious thing in the poets imagination, and writing the poems is the act of expressing this world. In these terms, the violence in Ireland is a return of the ceremonies of sacrifice and Heaneys poems show such process. Works Cited Heaney, S. (1966) Death of a Naturalist. Thompson, J. (1991). Contemporary Poetry Meets Modern Theory. Derrida, J. (1997). Grammatology. Heaney, S. (1980). Preoccupations. From Internet: http://www.universalteacher.org.uk/poetry/heaney.htm From Internet: http://athena.louisville.edu/~cscart01/pomopoetry.html From Internet: http://www.colorado.edu/English/ENGL2012Klages/pomo.html Notes 1 Dr. Mary Klages, Associate Professor, English Department, University of Colorado, Boulder: http://www.colorado.edu/English/ENGL2012Klages/pomo.html 2 Dr. Christopher Carter Professors at University of Louisville, Postmodern Poetries March 1999. 3 Seamus Heaney, essay on The Bog People by P. V Globe, 1969 4 From a study guide on internet: http://www.universalteacher.org.uk/poetry/heaney.htm

Education as a Part of the Harlem Renaissance Essay -- Harlem Renaissa

Education as a Part of the Harlem Renaissance In 1917, the United States found itself buried in a conflict with many different nations. Labeled as World War I, the United States goal was to support the fight for democracy across the world. As the war progressed, there was a need to fulfill many jobs due to the labor shortages that the North had been experiencing. To be more exact, the North received a major labor blow, due to the large enlistment of men into the Army. The draft also helped to cripple the labor supply of the North. The fact that the North was primarily industry based, caused many jobs to become vacant, and created an extremely high demand for an immediate labor force. Large numbers of African Americans migrated from the South to the North in response to the need for a steady labor force, and in hopes of finding economic growth. As World War I ended, many more African Americans migrated from the south to the north due to an overwhelmingly large amount racial tension in the aftermath of the war. This great mig ration of African Americans, from the south to the north led to black settlements in some of the larger northern industrial cities, such as Washington D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. In about 1920, many of the African Americans who had moved to the north from the south were beginning to embrace the concept of the â€Å"New Negro†, which was a movement that was not only a social revolt against racism, but also served as a literary movement, as well as redefined African American expression. This movement better known as the Harlem Renaissance was a key contributor to African Americans, and the way that their roles changed in the United States, on the road to equal rights as well as economic equality. The Harlem Renaissance will forever be remembered as the turning point in African American culture, as well as their place in America today. Harlem Renaissance An era of written and artistic creativity among African Americans that occurred after World War I, and lasted until the middle of the 1930’s depression; This is the definition that you would probably get for the Harlem Renaissance if you looked it up in a book, but the Harlem Renaissance was much more than that. The Harlem Renaissance was an expression of redefined African Americans who felt a sense of self-pride, and promoted the celebration of their African American herita... ...erature was written with such intricate writing methods, and complex undertones. The works of the period were a tough read. Many black felt the nee to be informed on what was going on in their communities. Many black journals, and magazines published and owned by black intellectuals kept blacks abreast on what was going on in the cities. Another influence of Education was an influx of black immigration from the West Indies during the 1920's. This immigration was in result of many of the Caribbean people thinking that there was a chance of greater prosperity, as well as opportunity in the United States, than in their country. New York soon began to become a center for immigration into the United States. Unlike many of the southern blacks that migrated to the north after World War I, there was almost no illiteracy amongst the immigrants. They were described as being sober-minded, and having a genius for business enterprise.† Furthermore it was mentioned that, â€Å"one-third of the city's Negro professionals, physicians, dentists, and lawyers were foreign born." Education made the Harlem renaissance a learning experience, and paved the way for other black intellectuals to emerge.